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| 1 | 【一章】 | Chapter I. |
| 1-1 | 颜渊问仁。子曰、克己复礼为仁、一日克己复礼、天下归仁焉、为仁由己、而由人乎哉。 | Yan Yuan asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "To subdue one's self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue. If a man can for one day subdue himself and return to propriety, all under heaven will ascribe perfect virtue to him. Is the practice of perfect virtue from a man himself, or is it from others?" |
| 1-2 | 颜渊曰、请问其目。子曰、非礼勿视、非礼勿听、非礼勿言、非礼勿动。颜渊曰、回虽不敏、请事斯语矣。 | Yan Yuan said, "I beg to ask the steps of that process." The Master replied, "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety." Yan Yuan then said, "Though I am deficient in intelligence and vigour, I will make it my business to practise this lesson." |
| 2 | 【第二章】 | Chapter II. |
| 仲弓问仁。子曰、出门如见大宾、使民如承大祭、己所不欲、勿施于人、在邦无怨、在家无怨。仲弓曰、雍虽不敏、请事斯语矣。 | Zhong Gong asked about perfect virtue. The Master said, "It is, when you go abroad, to behave to every one as if you were receiving a great guest; to employ the people as if you were assisting at a great sacrifice; not to do to others as you would not wish done to yourself; to have no murmuring against you in the country, and none in the family." Zhong Gong said, "Though I am deficient in intelligence and vigour, I will make it my business to practise this lesson." |
| 3 | 【第三章】 | Chapter III. |
| 3-1 | 司马牛问仁。 | Sima Niu asked about perfect virtue. |
| 3-2 | 子曰、仁者其言 也讱。 | The Master said, "The man of perfect virtue is cautious and slow in his speech." |
| 3-3 | 曰、其言也讱、斯谓之仁矣乎。子曰、为之难、言之得无讱乎。 | "Cautious and slow in his speech!" said Niu;-- "is this what is meant by perfect virtue?" The Master said, "When a man feels the difficulty of doing, can he be other than cautious and slow in speaking?" |
| 4 | 【第四章】 | Chapter IV. |
| 4-1 | 司马牛问君子。子曰、君子不忧不惧。 | Sima Niu asked about the superior man. The Master said, "The superior man has neither anxiety nor fear." |
| 4-2 | 曰、不忧不惧、斯谓之君子矣乎。 | "Being without anxiety or fear!" said Niu;-- "does this constitute what we call the superior man?" |
| 4-3 | 子曰、内省不疚、夫何忧何惧。 | The Master said, "When internal examination discovers nothing wrong, what is there to be anxious about, what is there to fear?" |
| 5 | 【第五章】 | Chapter V. |
| 5-1 | 司马牛忧曰、人皆有兄弟、我独亡。 | Sima Niu, full of anxiety, said, "Other men all have their brothers, I only have not." |
| 5-2 | 子夏曰、商闻之矣。 | Zixia said to him, "There is the following saying which I have heard:-- |
| 5-3 | 死生有命、富贵在天。 | 'Death and life have their determined appointment; riches and honours depend upon Heaven.' |
| 5-4 | 君子敬而无失、与人恭而有礼、四海之内、皆兄弟也、君子何患乎无兄弟也。 | "Let the superior man never fail reverentially to order his own conduct, and let him be respectful to others and observant of propriety:-- then all within the four seas will be his brothers. What has the superior man to do with being distressed because he has no brothers?" |
| 6 | 【第六章】 | Chapter VI. |
| 子张问明。子曰、浸润之谮、肤受之诉、不行焉、可谓明也已矣、浸润之谮、肤受之诉、不行焉、可谓远也已矣。 | Zizhang asked what constituted intelligence. The Master said, "He with whom neither slander that gradually soaks into the mind, nor statements that startle like a wound in the flesh, are successful, may be called intelligent indeed. Yea, he with whom neither soaking slander, nor startling statements, are successful, may be called farseeing." |
| 7 | 【第七章】 | Chapter VII. |
| 7-1 | 子贡问政。子曰足食、足兵、民信之矣。 | Zigong asked about government. The Master said, "The requisites of government are that there be sufficiency of food, sufficiency of military equipment, and the confidence of the people in their ruler." |
| 7-2 | 子贡曰、必不得已而去、于斯三者何先。曰、去兵。子贡曰、必不得已而去、于斯二者何先。曰、去食、自古皆有死、民无信不立。 | Zigong said, "If it cannot be helped, and one of these must be dispensed with, which of the three should be foregone first?" "The military equipment," said the Master. Zigong again asked, "If it cannot be helped, and one of the remaining two must be dispensed with, which of them should be foregone?" The Master answered, "Part with the food. From of old, death has been the lot of all men; but if the people have no faith in their rulers, there is no standing for the state." |
| 8 | 【第八章】 | Chapter VIII. |
| 8-1 | 棘子成曰、君子质而已矣、何以文为。 | Ji Zicheng said, "In a superior man it is only the substantial qualities which are wanted;-- why should we seek for ornamental accomplishments?" |
| 8-2 | 子贡曰、惜乎夫子之说、君子也、驷不及舌。 | Zigong said, "Alas! Your words, sir, show you to be a superior man, but four horses cannot overtake the tongue. |
| 8-3 | 文犹质也、质犹文也、虎豹之鞟、犹犬羊之鞟。 | Ornament is as substance; substance is as ornament. The hide of a tiger or a leopard stripped of its hair, is like the hide of a dog or a goat stripped of its hair." |
| 9 | 【第九章】 | Chapter IX. |
| 9-1 | 哀公问于有若曰年饥、用不足、如之何。 | The Duke Ai inquired of Yu Zo, saying, "The year is one of scarcity, and the returns for expenditure are not sufficient;-- what is to be done?" |
| 9-2 | 有若对曰、盍彻乎。 | Yu Zo replied to him, "Why not simply tithe the people?" |
| 9-3 | 曰、二、吾犹不足、如之何其彻也。 | "With two tenths, said the duke, "I find it not enough;-- how could I do with that system of one tenth?" |
| 9-4 | 对曰、百姓足、君孰与不足、百姓不足、君孰与足。 | Yu Zo answered, "If the people have plenty, their prince will not be left to want alone. If the people are in want, their prince cannot enjoy plenty alone." |
| 10 | 【第十章】 | Chapter X. |
| 10-1 | 子张问崇德、辨惑。子曰、主忠信、徒义、崇德也。 | Zizhang having asked how virtue was to be exalted, and delusions to be discovered, the Master said, "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles, and be moving continually to what is right;-- this is the way to exalt one's virtue. |
| 10-2 | 爱之欲其生、恶之欲其死、既欲其生、又欲其死、是惑也。诚不以富亦祇以异。 | "You love a man and wish him to live; you hate him and wish him to die. Having wished him to live, you also wish him to die. This is a case of delusion. "'It may not be on account of her being rich, yet you come to make a difference.'" |
| 11 | 【十一章】 | Chapter XI. |
| 11-1 | 齐景公问政于孔子。 | The Duke Jing, of Qi, asked Confucius about government. |
| 11-2 | 孔子对曰、君君、臣臣、父父、子子。 | Confucius replied, "There is government, when the prince is prince, and the minister is minister; when the father is father, and the son is son." |
| 11-3 | 公曰、善哉、信如君不君、臣不臣、父不父、子不子、虽有粟、吾得而食诸。 | "Good!" said the duke; "if, indeed; the prince be not prince, the minister not minister, the father not father, and the son not son, although I have my revenue, can I enjoy it?" |
| 12 | 【十二章】 | Chapter XII. |
| 12-1 | 子曰、片言可以折狱者、其由也与。 | The Master said, "Ah! it is Yu, who could with half a word settle litigations!" |
| 12-2 | 子路无宿诺。 | Zilu never slept over a promise. |
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| 13 | 【十三章】 | Chapter XIII. |
| 子曰、听讼、吾犹人也、必也、使无讼乎。 | The Master said, "In hearing litigations, I am like any other body. What is necessary, however, is to cause the people to have no litigations." |
| 14 | 【十四章】 | Chapter XIV. |
| 子张问政。子曰、居之无倦、行之以忠。 | Zizhang asked about government. The Master said, "The art of governing is to keep its affairs before the mind without weariness, and to practise them with undeviating consistency." |
| 15 | 【十五章】 | Chapter XV. |
| 子曰、博学于文、约之以礼、亦可以弗畔矣夫。 | The Master said, "By extensively studying all learning, and keeping himself under the restraint of the rules of propriety, one may thus likewise not err from what is right." |
| 16 | 【十六章】 | Chapter XVI. |
| 子曰、君子成人之美、不成人之恶、小人反是。 | The Master said, "The superior man seeks to perfect the admirable qualities of men, and does not seek to perfect their bad qualities. The mean man does the opposite of this." |
| 17 | 【十七章】 | Chapter XVII. |
| 李康子问政于孔子。孔子对曰、政者正也、子帅以正、孰敢不正。 | Ji Kang asked Confucius about government. Confucius replied, "To govern means to rectify. If you lead on the people with correctness, who will dare not to be correct?" |
| 18 | 【十八章】 | Chapter XVIII. |
| 李康子患盗、问于孔子。孔子对曰、苟子之不欲、虽赏之不窃。 | Ji Kang, distressed about the number of thieves in the state, inquired of Confucius how to do away with them. Confucius said, "If you, sir, were not covetous, although you should reward them to do it, they would not steal." |
| 19 | 【十九章】 | Chapter XIX. |
| 李康子问政于孔子、曰、如杀无道、以就有道、何如。 孔子对曰、子为政、焉用杀、子欲善、而民善矣、君子之德风、小人之德草、草上之风必偃。 | Ji Kang asked Confucius about government, saying, "What do you say to killing the unprincipled for the good of the principled?" Confucius replied, "Sir, in carrying on your government, why should you use killing at all? Let your evinced desires be for what is good, and the people will be good. The relation between superiors and inferiors, is like that between the wind and the grass. The grass must bend, when the wind blows across it." |
| 20 | 【二十章】 | Chapter XX. |
| 20-1 | 子张问士何如、斯可谓之达矣。 | Zizhang asked, "What must the officer be, who may be said to be distinguished?" |
| 20-2 | 子曰、何哉、尔所谓达者。 | The Master said, "What is it you call being distinguished?" |
| 20-3 | 子张对曰、在邦必闻、在家必闻。 | Zizhang replied, "It is to be heard of through the State, to be heard of throughout his clan." |
| 20-4 | 子曰、是闻也、非达也。 | The Master said, "That is notoriety, not distinction. |
| 20-5 | 夫达也者、质直而好义、察言而观色、虑以下人、在邦必达、在家必达。 | "Now the man of distinction is solid and straightforward, and loves righteousness. He examines people's words, and looks at their countenances. He is anxious to humble himself to others. Such a man will be distinguished in the country; he will be distinguished in his clan. |
| 20-6 | 夫闻也者、色取仁而行违、居之不疑、在邦必闻、在家必闻。 | "As to the man of notoriety, he assumes the appearance of virtue, but his actions are opposed to it, and he rests in this character without any doubts about himself. Such a man will be heard of in the country; he will be heard of in the clan." |
| 21 | 【廿一章】 | Chapter XXI. |
| 21-1 | 樊迟从游于舞雩之下。曰、敢问崇德、修慝、辨惑。子曰、善哉问。 | Fan Chi rambling with the Master under the trees about the rain altars, said, "I venture to ask how to exalt virtue, to correct cherished evil, and to discover delusions." |
| 21-2 | 先事后得、非崇德与、攻其恶、无攻人之恶、非修慝与、一朝之忿、忘其身以及其亲、非惑与。 | The Master said, "Truly a good question! "If doing what is to be done be made the first business, and success a secondary consideration;-- is not this the way to exalt virtue? To assail one's own wickedness and not assail that of others;-- is not this the way to correct cherished evil? For a morning's anger to disregard one's own life, and involve that of his parents;-- is not this a case of delusion?" |
| 22 | 【廿二章】 | Chapter XXII. |
| 22-1 | 樊迟问仁。子曰、爱人。问 知。子曰、知人。 | Fan Chi asked about benevolence. The Master said, "It is to love all men." He asked about knowledge. The Master said, "It is to know all men." |
| 22-2 | 樊迟未达。 | Fan Chi did not immediately understand these answers. |
| 22-3 | 子曰、举直错诸枉、能使枉者直。 | The Master said, "Employ the upright and put aside all the crooked;-- in this way the crooked can be made to be upright." |
| 22-4 | 樊迟退、见子夏曰、乡也、吾见于夫子而问知。子曰、举直错诸枉、能使枉者直、何谓也。 | Fan Chi retired, and, seeing Zixia, he said to him, "A Little while ago, I had an interview with our Master, and asked him about knowledge. He said, "Employ the upright, and put aside all the crooked;-- in this way, the crooked will be made to be upright." What did he mean?" |
| 22-5 | 子夏曰、富哉言乎。 | Zixia said, "Truly rich is his saying! |
| 22-6 | 舜有天下、选于众、举皋陶、不仁者远矣、汤有天下、选于众、举伊尹、不仁者远矣。 | "Shun, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among all the people, and employed Gaoyao, on which all who were devoid of virtue disappeared. T'ang, being in possession of the kingdom, selected from among all the people, and employed Yi Yin, and all who were devoid of virtue disappeared." |
| 23 | 【廿三章】 | Chapter XXIII. |
| 子贡问友。子曰、忠告而善道 之、不可则止、毋自辱焉。 | Zigong asked about friendship. The Master said, "Faithfully admonish your friend, and skillfully lead him on. If you find him impracticable, stop. Do not disgrace yourself." |
| 24 | 【廿四章】 | Chapter XXIV. |
| 曾子曰、君子以文会友、以友辅仁。 | The philosopher Zeng said, "The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by their friendship helps his virtue." |
